All values in billion tonnes of carbon per year (GtC/yr), for the globe.
For values in billion tonnes of carbon dioxide per year (GtCO₂/yr) , multiply the numbers below by 3.664.
Note: 1 billion tonnes C = 1 petagram of carbon (10^15 gC) = 1 gigatonne C = 3.664 billion tonnes of CO₂
All uncertainties represent ±1 sigma error (68% chance of being in the range provided)

Emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes (uncertainty of ±5% for a ± 1 sigma confidence level):
Cite as: Friedlingstein et al. 2023 (see Summary tab).

Emissions from land-use change (uncertainty of ±0.7 GtC/yr). Average of three bookkeeping models: H&N (Houghton & Castanho, 2023), BLUE (Hansis, et al., 2015) and OSCAR (Gasser et al., 2020).
Cite as: Friedlingstein et al. 2023 (see Summary tab).

The atmospheric CO₂ growth rate (variable uncertainty around 0.2 GtC/yr from 1980) is estimated directly from atmospheric CO₂ concentration measurements, and provided by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL). http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/global.html
Cite as: Lan et al. 2023: Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide, National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory (NOAA/ESRL), available at http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/global.html 1959-1980 are based on Mauna Loa and South Pole stations as observed by the CO₂ Program at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/data/atmospheric_co2/ 1980 onwards are global averages estimated from multiple stations run by NOAA/ESRL.

The ocean sink (uncertainty of ±0.4 GtC/yr on average) is estimated from the average of 10 global ocean biogeochemistry models and the average of 7 ocean fCO₂ data products.
Cite as: Friedlingstein et al. 2023 (see Summary tab).

The land sink (uncertainty of ±0.5 GtC/yr on average) was estimated from the average of 20 dynamic global vegetation models.
Cite as: Friedlingstein et al. 2023 (see Summary tab).

The cement carbonation sink is the average of two estimates:
Cite as: Friedlingstein et al. 2023 (see Summary tab).

The budget imbalance is the sum of emissions (fossil fuel and industry + land-use change) minus (atmospheric growth + ocean sink + land sink + cement carbonation sink); it is a measure of our imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle.
Cite as: Friedlingstein et al. 2023 (see Summary tab).