Global Carbon Project fossil CO₂ emissions: South Africa
A newer version of this dataset is available. The latest version available on
Openclimatedata is 2024v18.
Total Fossil CO₂
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
0
100
200
300
400
500 Mt CO₂
- Total
CO₂ from Coal
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
0
100
200
300
400
500 Mt CO₂
- Total Fossil CO₂
- Coal
CO₂ from Oil
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
0
100
200
300
400
500 Mt CO₂
- Total Fossil CO₂
- Oil
CO₂ from Gas
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
0
100
200
300
400
500 Mt CO₂
- Total Fossil CO₂
- Gas
CO₂ from Flaring
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
0
100
200
300
400
500 Mt CO₂
- Total Fossil CO₂
- Flaring
Cement (Process CO₂ Emissions)
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
0
100
200
300
400
500 Mt CO₂
- Total Fossil CO₂
- Cement
Other CO₂ (Other carbonates)
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
- Total Fossil CO₂
- Other
Per Capita CO₂
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
0
2
4
6
8
10 t CO₂/capita
- Per Capita
Source: GCB Fossil 2023v36
Data and Sources
| Year | Total | Coal | Oil | Gas | Flaring | Cement | Other | Per Capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 404.1 | 338.1 | 49.58 | 11.02 | 0.03776 | 5.282 | - | 6.746 |
| 2021 | 425.6 | 358.6 | 50.02 | 11.71 | 0.05240 | 5.282 | - | 7.166 |
| 2020 | 434.8 | 373.9 | 46.17 | 9.644 | 0.05474 | 5.071 | - | 7.395 |
| 2019 | 465.4 | 394.3 | 56.48 | 9.105 | 0.04170 | 5.453 | - | 8.013 |
| 2018 | 435.2 | 355.1 | 65.48 | 9.120 | 0.05714 | 5.466 | - | 7.591 |
| 2017 | 439.4 | 369.9 | 56.61 | 7.339 | 0.02974 | 5.481 | - | 7.757 |
| 2016 | 457.0 | 384.5 | 58.93 | 7.815 | 0.04151 | 5.691 | - | 8.099 |
| 2015 | 446.2 | 377.0 | 53.77 | 9.966 | 0.04460 | 5.419 | - | 7.986 |
| 2014 | 471.9 | 399.2 | 58.66 | 9.043 | 0.05195 | 4.911 | - | 8.622 |
| 2013 | 458.6 | 392.7 | 51.64 | 9.384 | 0.05114 | 4.893 | - | 8.513 |
| 2012 | 459.0 | 392.8 | 52.17 | 9.255 | 0.07343 | 4.633 | - | 8.636 |
| 2011 | 465.9 | 389.7 | 62.67 | 8.801 | 0.1331 | 4.638 | - | 8.884 |
| 2010 | 463.0 | 394.4 | 54.46 | 8.867 | 0.1927 | 5.045 | - | 8.941 |
| 2009 | 480.6 | 390.7 | 77.12 | 7.039 | 0.1694 | 5.571 | - | 9.392 |
| 2008 | 495.2 | 418.3 | 63.24 | 8.119 | 0.1711 | 5.343 | - | 9.793 |
| 2007 | 465.0 | 392.2 | 59.33 | 7.892 | 0.1578 | 5.491 | - | 9.302 |
| 2006 | 446.8 | 382.0 | 53.08 | 6.126 | 0.2148 | 5.333 | - | 9.027 |
| 2005 | 416.2 | 376.7 | 27.83 | 6.313 | 0.2706 | 5.068 | - | 8.491 |
| 2004 | 449.3 | 384.1 | 54.24 | 6.364 | 0.2828 | 4.335 | - | 9.253 |
| 2003 | 404.4 | 357.4 | 39.74 | 2.470 | 0.2931 | 4.458 | - | 8.407 |
| 2002 | 356.5 | 325.5 | 22.45 | 4.122 | 0.2183 | 4.205 | - | 7.480 |
| 2001 | 371.6 | 337.7 | 25.89 | 4.155 | 0.2540 | 3.636 | - | 7.868 |
| 2000 | 378.3 | 337.9 | 33.30 | 3.199 | 0.2515 | 3.672 | - | 8.081 |
| 1999 | 374.9 | 336.7 | 30.69 | 3.473 | 0.2041 | 3.777 | - | 8.086 |
| 1998 | 377.3 | 325.8 | 44.59 | 2.656 | 0.2460 | 3.952 | - | 8.228 |
| 1997 | 385.2 | 333.3 | 44.24 | 3.155 | 0.2058 | 4.324 | - | 8.507 |
| 1996 | 363.7 | 324.1 | 31.65 | 3.532 | 0.1230 | 4.318 | - | 8.144 |
| 1995 | 361.7 | 319.5 | 33.77 | 3.924 | 0.1153 | 4.357 | - | 8.223 |
| 1994 | 338.7 | 299.2 | 31.65 | 3.924 | 0.1242 | 3.801 | - | 7.828 |
| 1993 | 320.3 | 289.7 | 23.16 | 3.924 | 0 | 3.541 | - | 7.533 |
| 1992 | 301.3 | 259.7 | 34.75 | 3.517 | 0 | 3.387 | - | 7.216 |
| 1991 | 326.0 | 277.7 | 41.24 | 3.492 | 0 | 3.584 | - | 7.969 |
| 1990 | 312.9 | 265.1 | 40.62 | 3.444 | 0 | 3.773 | - | 7.847 |
| 1989 | 340.7 | 284.0 | 52.88 | 0 | 0 | 3.883 | - | 8.811 |
| 1988 | 342.7 | 293.7 | 44.88 | 0 | 0 | 4.108 | - | 9.163 |
| 1987 | 328.7 | 284.0 | 41.42 | 0 | 0 | 3.265 | - | 9.099 |
| 1986 | 330.5 | 280.3 | 46.94 | 0 | 0 | 3.258 | - | 9.476 |
| 1985 | 323.9 | 273.5 | 46.91 | 0 | 0 | 3.419 | - | 9.595 |
| 1984 | 315.6 | 264.8 | 46.84 | 0 | 0 | 3.981 | - | 9.631 |
| 1983 | 291.9 | 239.8 | 48.23 | 0 | 0 | 3.846 | - | 9.161 |
| 1982 | 280.4 | 230.8 | 45.77 | 0 | 0 | 3.904 | - | 9.040 |
| 1981 | 257.1 | 218.1 | 34.98 | 0 | 0 | 3.952 | - | 8.503 |
| 1980 | 228.2 | 194.1 | 30.62 | 0 | 0 | 3.518 | - | 7.745 |
| 1979 | 218.7 | 180.0 | 35.31 | 0 | 0 | 3.374 | - | 7.620 |
| 1978 | 201.9 | 161.5 | 37.00 | 0 | 0 | 3.342 | - | 7.224 |
| 1977 | 199.7 | 158.6 | 37.92 | 0 | 0 | 3.223 | - | 7.343 |
| 1976 | 192.9 | 151.8 | 37.68 | 0 | 0 | 3.462 | - | 7.285 |
| 1975 | 185.0 | 144.5 | 37.00 | 0 | 0 | 3.527 | - | 7.177 |
| 1974 | 176.5 | 140.3 | 32.61 | 0 | 0 | 3.592 | - | 7.040 |
| 1973 | 173.4 | 137.2 | 32.73 | 0 | 0 | 3.379 | - | 7.110 |
| 1972 | 171.6 | 137.9 | 30.68 | 0 | 0 | 3.013 | - | 7.239 |
| 1971 | 168.4 | 133.4 | 32.09 | 0 | 0 | 2.890 | - | 7.312 |
| 1970 | 149.6 | 123.9 | 22.88 | 0 | 0 | 2.842 | - | 6.689 |
| 1969 | 143.1 | 120.7 | 19.91 | 0 | 0 | 2.522 | - | 6.595 |
| 1968 | 138.0 | 118.5 | 17.30 | 0 | 0 | 2.181 | - | 6.553 |
| 1967 | 133.8 | 112.9 | 18.87 | 0 | 0 | 1.981 | - | 6.553 |
| 1966 | 128.2 | 109.0 | 17.22 | 0 | 0 | 1.970 | - | 6.480 |
| 1965 | 128.1 | 111.1 | 15.12 | 0 | 0 | 1.919 | - | 6.678 |
| 1964 | 119.5 | 102.6 | 15.29 | 0 | 0 | 1.708 | - | 6.426 |
| 1963 | 109.7 | 96.60 | 11.70 | 0 | 0 | 1.425 | - | 6.082 |
| 1962 | 105.7 | 93.26 | 11.09 | 0 | 0 | 1.316 | - | 6.037 |
| 1961 | 102.1 | 90.47 | 10.37 | 0 | 0 | 1.283 | - | 6.011 |
| 1960 | 97.84 | 87.44 | 9.068 | 0 | 0 | 1.337 | - | 5.923 |
| 1959 | 94.47 | 84.52 | 8.643 | 0 | 0 | 1.308 | - | 5.869 |
| 1958 | 96.25 | 85.71 | 9.197 | 0 | 0 | 1.345 | - | 6.130 |
| 1957 | 89.65 | 80.34 | 8.057 | 0 | 0 | 1.250 | - | 5.852 |
| 1956 | 87.26 | 77.53 | 8.511 | 0 | 0 | 1.225 | - | 5.837 |
| 1955 | 82.94 | 74.15 | 7.628 | 0 | 0 | 1.156 | - | 5.683 |
| 1954 | 73.90 | 66.05 | 6.774 | 0 | 0 | 1.068 | - | 5.184 |
| 1953 | 71.00 | 63.89 | 6.060 | 0 | 0 | 1.050 | - | 5.095 |
| 1952 | 70.88 | 63.90 | 5.980 | 0 | 0 | 0.9994 | - | 5.203 |
| 1951 | 65.14 | 58.53 | 5.647 | 0 | 0 | 0.9668 | - | 4.889 |
| 1950 | 61.03 | 55.17 | 4.947 | 0 | 0 | 0.9123 | - | 4.679 |
| 1949 | 60.59 | 59.91 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6724 | - | - |
| 1948 | 57.10 | 56.45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6469 | - | - |
| 1947 | 55.83 | 55.22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.6178 | - | - |
| 1946 | 56.04 | 55.46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5815 | - | - |
| 1945 | 55.87 | 55.35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5197 | - | - |
| 1944 | 54.57 | 54.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5524 | - | - |
| 1943 | 48.76 | 48.31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4543 | - | - |
| 1942 | 48.42 | 47.95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4688 | - | - |
| 1941 | 44.33 | 43.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4325 | - | - |
| 1940 | 41.52 | 41.11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4107 | - | - |
| 1939 | 40.16 | 39.69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4688 | - | - |
| 1938 | 38.70 | 38.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4325 | - | - |
| 1937 | 36.82 | 36.40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.4143 | - | - |
| 1936 | 35.25 | 34.88 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.3743 | - | - |
| 1935 | 32.16 | 31.90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2617 | - | - |
| 1934 | 28.87 | 28.66 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2145 | - | - |
| 1933 | 25.33 | 25.18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1526 | - | - |
| 1932 | 23.46 | 23.31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1417 | - | - |
| 1931 | 25.57 | 25.57 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1930 | 28.72 | 28.72 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1929 | 30.77 | 30.59 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1781 | - | - |
| 1928 | 29.62 | 29.62 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1927 | 29.56 | 29.56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1926 | 30.43 | 30.43 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1925 | 28.95 | 28.95 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1924 | 27.78 | 27.78 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1923 | 26.44 | 26.44 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1922 | 21.79 | 21.79 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1921 | 25.41 | 25.41 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1920 | 25.67 | 25.67 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1919 | 23.14 | 23.14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1918 | 22.22 | 22.22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1917 | 23.34 | 23.34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1916 | 21.81 | 21.81 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1915 | 18.51 | 18.51 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1914 | 18.40 | 18.40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1913 | 18.98 | 18.98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1912 | 17.35 | 17.35 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1911 | 16.34 | 16.34 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1910 | 16.98 | 16.98 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1909 | 14.97 | 14.97 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1908 | 13.01 | 13.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1907 | 12.65 | 12.65 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1906 | 11.46 | 11.46 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1905 | 10.03 | 10.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1904 | 8.768 | 8.768 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1903 | 7.782 | 7.782 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1902 | 5.826 | 5.826 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1901 | 3.909 | 3.909 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1900 | 2.330 | 2.330 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1899 | 5.518 | 5.518 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1898 | 6.049 | 6.049 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1897 | 4.778 | 4.778 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1896 | 4.258 | 4.258 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1895 | 3.338 | 3.338 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1894 | 2.433 | 2.433 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1893 | 1.799 | 1.799 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1892 | 0.4800 | 0.4800 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1891 | 0.2968 | 0.2968 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1890 | 0.2968 | 0.2968 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1889 | 0.1319 | 0.1319 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1888 | 0.08061 | 0.08061 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1887 | 0.04763 | 0.04763 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1886 | 0.04763 | 0.04763 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1885 | 0.03664 | 0.03664 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1884 | 0.02198 | 0.02198 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
| 1883 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1882 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1881 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1880 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1879 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1878 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1877 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1876 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1875 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1874 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1873 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1872 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1871 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1870 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1869 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1868 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1867 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1866 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1865 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1864 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1863 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1862 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1861 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1860 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1859 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1858 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1857 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1856 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1855 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1854 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1853 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1852 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1851 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1850 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1849 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1848 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1847 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1846 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1845 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1844 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1843 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1842 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1841 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1840 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1839 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1838 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1837 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1836 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1835 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1834 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1833 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1832 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1831 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1830 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1829 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1828 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1827 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1826 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1825 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1824 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1823 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1822 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1821 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1820 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1819 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1818 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1817 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1816 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1815 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1814 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1813 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1812 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1811 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1810 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1809 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1808 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1807 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1806 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1805 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1804 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1803 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1802 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1801 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1800 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1799 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1798 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1797 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1796 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1795 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1794 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1793 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1792 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1791 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1790 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1789 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1788 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1787 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1786 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1785 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1784 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1783 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1782 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1781 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1780 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1779 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1778 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1777 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1776 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1775 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1774 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1773 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1772 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1771 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1770 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1769 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1768 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1767 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1766 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1765 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1764 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1763 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1762 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1761 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1760 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1759 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1758 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1757 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1756 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1755 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1754 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1753 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1752 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1751 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1750 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Sources:
Andrew cement
BP
CDIAC 2023
GGFR
UN population
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